Journal of Pediatric Nursing
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 96-106 , 4 March 2005

The Care of Children and Adolescents With Type 2 Diabetes

  • Heather McKnight-Menci, MSN, CRNP

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress correspondence and reprint requests to Heather McKnight-Menci, MSN, CRNP, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th and Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
  • ,
  • Sakeenah Sababu, MSN, CRNP
  • ,
  • Sarah D. Kelly, MS, RD, LDN

References 

  1. American Academy of Pediatrics. Promoting physical activity. Retrieved on November 25, 2003, from http://www.aap.org/family/physicalactivity/physicalactivity.htm
  2. American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Nutrition. The use and misuse of fruit juice in pediatrics. (RE0047) Pediatrics. 2001;107:1210–1213
  3. American Diabetes Association. Type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:381–389
  4. American Diabetes Association. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:S73–S77
  5. Arslanian SA, Kalhan SC. Correlations between fatty acid and glucose metabolism: Potential explanation of insulin resistance of puberty. Diabetes. 1994;43:908–914
  6. Barlow SE, Dietz WH. Obesity evaluation and treatment: Expert committee recommendations. Pediatrics. 1998;102:1–11
  7. Burke JP, Hale DE, Hazuda HP, Stern MP. A quantitative scale of acanthosis nigricans. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:1655–1659
  8. Callahan T, Mansfield J. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 2000;12:310–315
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Overweight children and adolescents: Screen, assess and manage. Retrieved on November 24, 2003, from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/growthcharts/training/modules/module3/
  10. Cincinnati R, Veliko J. Oral medications. RN. 2001;64:30–38
  11. Dabelea D, Hanson RL, Bennett PH, Roumain J, Knowler WC. Increasing prevalence of type II diabetes in American Indian children. Diabetologia. 1998;41:904–910
  12. Dabelea D, Pettitt DJ, Jones KL, Arslanian SA. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in minority children and adolescents. Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America. 1999;8:709–729
  13. Dean HJ. Dancing with many different ghosts: Treatment of youth with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;1:237–238
  14. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. New England Journal Medicine. 2002;346:393–403
  15. Ebbeling CB, Leidig MM, Sinclair KB, Hangan JP, Ludwig DS. A reduced-glycemic load diet in the treatment of adolescent obesity. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 2003;157:773–779
  16. Elmer KB, George RM. HAIR-AN syndrome: A multisystem challenge. American Family Physician. 2001;63:2385–2390
  17. Epstein LH, Valoski A, Wing RR, McCurley J. Ten year outcomes of behavioral family-based treatment for childhood and adolescent obesity. Health Psychology. 1994;13:373–383
  18. Feinglos MN, Bethel MA. Oral agent therapy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:c-61
  19. Foster-Powell K, Holt SHA, Brand-Miller JC. International table of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2002. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2002;76:5–56
  20. Franz M, Bantle J, Beebe CA, Brunzell JD, Chiasson JL, Garg A, et al. Evidence-based nutrition principles and recommendations for the treatment and prevention of diabetes and related complications. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:148–198
  21. Gahagan S, Silverstein J the Committee on Native American Child Health and Section on Endocrinology. Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children, with special emphasis on American Indian and Alaskan native children. Pediatrics. 2003;112:e328
  22. Gerich J. Matching treatment to pathophysiology in type 2 diabetes. Clinical Therapeutics. 2001;23:646–653
  23. Gillespie SJ, Kulkarni KD, Daly AE. Using carbohydrate counting in diabetes clinical practice. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 1998;98:897–905
  24. Glaser NS. Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in childhood and adolescence. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 1997;44:307–337
  25. Gordon CM, Mansfield MJ. Changing the needs of the patient with diabetes mellitus during the teenage years. Current Opinion in Pediatrics. 1996;8:319–327
  26. Gray D. Diabetes mellitus, type 2. In:  Dambro B editors. Griffiths 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998;p. 318–319
  27. Howdle S, Wilkin T. Type 2 diabetes in children. Nursing Standard. 2001;15:38–42
  28. Institutes of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington, DC: National Academies of Science Press, Author; 2002;
  29. Insulin free diabetes. Retrieved January 8, 2004, from http://biology.about.com/library/weekly/aa051399.htm1999;
  30. Jones JM. Contradictions and challenges: A look at the glycemic index. Parker, CO: Wheat Foods Council; 2002;
  31. Kelley DB. Medical management of type 2 diabetes. In: Fourth ed.. Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association; 1998;p. 34–86
  32. Libman L, Arslanian SA. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: No longer just adults. Pediatric Annals. 1999;28:589–599
  33. Marlett JA, McBurney MI, Slavin JL the American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: Health implications of dietary fiber. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2003;102:993–1000
  34. Nesmith JD. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents. Pediatrics in Review. 2001;22:147–152
  35. Neufeld ND, Raffel LJ, Landon C, Chen YD, Vadheim CM. Early presentation of type 2 diabetes in Mexican-American youth. Diabetes Care. 1998;21:80–86
  36. Nguyen TT, Keil MF, Russell DL, Pathomvanich A, Uwaifo GI, Sebring NG, et al. Relation of acanthosis nigricans to hyperinsulinemia and insulin sensitivity in overweight African American and white children. Journal of Pediatrics. 2001;4:474–480
  37. Philips M, Givens C, Schreiner B. Impact of a multidisciplinary education program for children and adolescents with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educator. 2002;28:400–402
  38. Pinhas-Hamiel O, Dolan L, Daniels SR, Standiford D, Khoury PR, Zeitler P. Increased incidence of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus among adolescents. Journal of Pediatrics. 1996;128:608–615
  39. Riebe D, Greene GW, Ruggiero L, Stillwell KM, Blissmer B, Nigg CR, et al. Evaluation of a healthy-lifestyle approach to weight management. Preventive Medicine. 2003;36:45–54
  40. Ritenbaugh C, Teufel-Shone NI, Aickin MG, Joe J, Poirier S, Dillingham DC, et al. A lifestyle intervention improves plasma insulin levels among Native American high school youth. Preventive Medicine. 2003;36:309–319
  41. Robinson TN. The epidemic of pediatric obesity: Perspectives and approaches for primary care. Western Journal of Medicine. 2000;173:220–221
  42. Rosenbloom A, Joe R, Young R, Winter W. Emerging epidemic of type 2 diabetes in youth. Diabetes Care. 1999;22:345–354
  43. Ruiz E. Type 2 disease in children. RN. 2001;64:44–50
  44. Sallis JF, Patrick K. Physical activity guidelines for adolescents: Consensus statement from the international consensus conference on adolescent physical activity. Physical Activity and Pediatric Exercise. 1994;6:302–314
  45. Schroepfer C. Practical suggestions and nutrition counseling for overweight children and their families. Building Block for Life—A Publication of the Pediatric Nutrition Practice Group. 2002;25:9–17
  46. Schultz R. Diabetes mellitus, type 1. In:  Dambro B editors. Griffiths 5-Minute Clinical Consult. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 1998;p. 318–319
  47. Seibold ES, Knafl K, Grey M. The family context of an intervention to prevent type 2 diabetes in high risk teens. Diabetes Educator. 2003;29:997–1004
  48. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Promoting physical activity: A guide for community action. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics; 1996;
  49. Velho G, Froguel P. Genetic, metabolic and clinical characteristics of maturity onset diabetes of the young. European Journal of Endocrinology. 1998;138:233–239

PII: S0882-5963(04)00210-6

doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2004.12.012

Journal of Pediatric Nursing
Volume 20, Issue 2 , Pages 96-106 , 4 March 2005