Journal of Pediatric Nursing
Volume 24, Issue 1 , Pages 62-68 , February 2009

Breast-Feeding and Lactational Amenorrhea in the United Arab Emirates

References 

  1. Al-Sukait MA. A study of the factors influencing breastfeeding patterns in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal. 1988;9:596–601
  2. Dewey KA, Cohen RJ, Rivera LL, Canhuati J, Brown KM. Effects of age at introduction of complementary foods to breast-fed infants on duration of lactation amenorrhea in Honduran woman. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 1997;65:1403–1409
  3. Gray RH, Campbell OM, Apelo R, Eslami SS, Zacur H, Ramos RM, et al. Risk of ovulation during lactation. Lancet. 1990;335:25–39
  4. Gross BA, Burger H. Breastfeeding patterns and return of fertility in Australian women. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2002;42:148–154
  5. Gross BA, Eastman CJ. Effect of breastfeeding status on prolactin secretion and resumption of menstruation. Australian Medical Journal. 1983;1:313
  6. Heinig MJ, Normmsen-Rivers LA, Peerson JM, Dewey KG. Factors related to duration of postpartum amenorrhea among USA women with prolonged lactation. Journal of Biosocial Sciences. 1994;26:517–527
  7. Howie PW, McNeilly AS. Breastfeeding and postpartum ovulation. IPPF Medical Bulletin. 1982;16:1–3
  8. Howie PW, McNeilly AS, Houston MJ, Cook A, Boyle H. Effect of supplementary food on suckling patterns and ovarian activity during lactation. British Medical Journal. 1981;283:757–763
  9. Kennedy KI, Kotelchuck M. Policy considerations for the introduction and promotion of the lactation and promotion of the lactational amenorrheal method: Advantages and disadvantages of LAM. Journal of Human Lactation. 1998;14:191–203
  10. Kennedy KI, Rivera R, McNeilly AS. Consensus statement on the use of breastfeeding as a family planning method. Contraception. 1989;39:477–496
  11. Kennedy KI, Visness CM. Contraceptive efficacy of lactation amenorrhea. Lancet. 1992;339:227
  12. Khalifa MA. Determinants of natural fertility in Sudan. Journal of the Biological Society of Science. 1986;18:325–336
  13. Khalil KA, Atta HY, Kamel FA, Youssef RM. Determinants of the duration of lactation amenorrhea among mothers in Alexandria. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 1996;2:391–406
  14. Khella AK, Fahim HI, Issa AH, Sokal DC, Gadalla MA. Lactational amenorrhea as a method of family planning in Egypt. Contraception. 2004;69:317–322
  15. Labbock M. Breast feeding and fertility. Mother and Children. 1989;8:1–3
  16. Labbok M, Krasovec K. Towards consistency in breastfeeding definitions. Studies in Family Planning. 1990;21:226–230
  17. Labbok MN, Hight-Laukaran V, Peterson AE, Fletcher H, Von Hertzen H, Van Look PFA. Multicenter study of the lactational amenorrhea method (LAM): II. Acceptability, utility and policy implications. Contraception. 1997;55:327–336
  18. Lawrence RA. Breastfeeding benefits, risks and alternatives. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2000;12:519–524
  19. Madani KA, Khashoggi RH, Al-Nowaisser AA, Nasrat HA, Khalil MH. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 1994;48:286–289
  20. Mannan HR, Islam MN. Breastfeeding in Bangladesh: Patterns and impact on fertility. Asia Pacific Population Journal. 1995;10:23–28
  21. McNeilly AS. Breastfeeding and the suppression of fertility. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 1996;17:340–345
  22. McNeilly AS. Lactational control of reproduction. Reproduction, Fertility and Development. 2001;13:583–590
  23. McNeilly AS, Glasier AF, Howie PW, Houston MJ, Cook A, Boyle H. Fertility after childbirth: Pregnancy associated with breast-feeding. Clinical Endocrinology. 1983;18:167–173
  24. Ramos R, Kennedy KI, Visness CM. Effectiveness of lactational amenorrhea in prevention of pregnancy in Manila, the Philippines: Non-comparative prospective trial. British Medical Journal. 1996;313:909–912
  25. Short RV. Breastfeeding. Scientific American. 1984;250:23–29
  26. Simondon KB, Delaunay V, Diallo A, Elguero E, Simondon F. Lactational amenorrhea is associated with child age at the time of introduction of complementary food: A prospective cohort study in rural Senegal, west Africa. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2003;78:151–161
  27. World Health Organization (WHO) . Indicators for assessing breastfeeding practices. 1991;(Geneva) Retrieved September 1, 2005, from http://www.who.int/child-adolescent-health/publications/NUTRITION/WHO_CDD_SER_91.14.htm
  28. World Health Organization (WHO) . The World Health Organization multinational study of breastfeeding and lactational amenorrhea. I. Description of infant feeding patterns and of the return of menses. Fertility and Sterility. 1998;70:448
  29. World Health Organization (WHO) . The World Health Organization multinational study of breastfeeding and lactational amenorrhea. III. Pregnancy during breastfeeding. Fertility and Sterility. 1999;72:431

PII: S0882-5963(07)00365-X

doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2007.09.005

Journal of Pediatric Nursing
Volume 24, Issue 1 , Pages 62-68 , February 2009