Journal of Pediatric Nursing RSS feed: Current Issue. The Journal of Pediatric Nursing provides original, peer-reviewed research that is based on the philosophy that pediatric nursing incorporates a family-centered approach. It serves as a forum for the dissemination of current information in the field of pediatric nursing. Each issue will appeal to the staff nurse as well as management and will provide the reader with a lasting reference source. Divergent points of view are presented to provide a comprehensive discussion of subjects needed by pediatric nursing professionals. Journal of Pediatric Nursing is the official journal of the Society of Pediatric Nurses and the Pediatric Endocrinology Nursing Society. http://www.pediatricnursing.org/?rss=yesElsevier Inc.en © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Journal of Pediatric Nursing0882-5963254August 2010 © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. healthpermissions@elsevier.comhttp://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596309003388/abstract?rss=yesCurrently, national estimates indicate that approximately 510,000 children and youth live in the foster care system. Of this number, 40% are between the ages of 13 and 21 years; about 9% of youth, amounting to 26,000, are emancipated annually from the foster care system () The term emancipation refers to children who are emancipated as minors and have yet not achieved the age of majority (usually age 18 years) or have reached the age of majority (the statutory language varies and depends on state regulations). The criteria for determining emancipation status refers to the termination of eligibility for foster care services that are, for the most part, not predicated on the youth's readiness but rather on criteria based on age or high school graduation. The youth's readiness for emancipation is not based on developmental aptitude or maturity, although there has been widespread recognition of the need to better prepare youth for this monumental transition out of this service system (). As the data indicate, these young people are not well prepared to assume the overwhelming responsibilities of adulthood. The outcome data of foster youth and alumni demonstrate that they fail to achieve comparable levels of education, encounter difficulties with employment and housing, experience adverse health outcomes, and engage in at-risk behaviors.Emancipation of Youth in Foster Care: The DilemmaCecily L. Betz10.1016/j.pedn.2009.11.005Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2010-01-25Journal of Pediatric Nursing2010-01-25254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5Editorial241243http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS088259630900116X/abstract?rss=yesTooth decay and poor oral health are the most common chronic health conditions in children in the United States today. This article discusses the significance of dental caries in children, the importance of oral health promotion, barriers to providing and obtaining oral health care, and current recommendations for practice. This article also recommends strategies for the promotion of optimal oral health in children and adolescents through screening, triaging, education, and tracking.Optimizing the Health of Infants and Children: Their Oral Health Counts!Kathleen Peterson-Sweeney, Joanne Stevens10.1016/j.pedn.2009.03.003Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2009-07-16Journal of Pediatric Nursing2009-07-16254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5Articles244249http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596309000402/abstract?rss=yesThis descriptive study examined the relationship between home-care nursing support, sleep, and daytime functioning in familial caregivers of ventilator-assisted children. Thirty-six primary caregivers (27 mothers, 7 fathers, 1 foster mother, and 1 grandmother) of ventilator-assisted children completed measures of home nursing support, sleep, depression, fatigue, and daytime sleepiness. Daytime nursing coverage was not related to caregiver sleep or daytime functioning, but caregivers with less nighttime nursing coverage had significantly shorter sleep onset latency than caregivers with some night nursing (16–48 hours/week). Caregivers with regular night nursing (>48 hours/week) had a total sleep time of almost 1 hour more than caregivers without regular night nursing (≤48 hours/week). Caregivers with clinically significant symptoms of depression and sleepiness received significantly fewer hours of night nursing per week than caregivers without significant symptoms of depression or sleepiness. Home nursing support, in particular night nursing, is important for the health and well-being of familial caregivers of ventilator-assisted children.The Relationship Between Home Nursing Coverage, Sleep, and Daytime Functioning in Parents of Ventilator-Assisted ChildrenLisa J. Meltzer, Deborah S. Boroughs, John J. Downes10.1016/j.pedn.2009.01.007Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2009-04-06Journal of Pediatric Nursing2009-04-06254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5Articles250257http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596309000037/abstract?rss=yesA comprehensive evaluation of the psychometric properties of Care of My Child With Cancer (CMCC) was performed in a sample of 411 parents of children undergoing treatment of cancer at five Canadian pediatric oncology centers. Psychometric tests used to assess data quality, targeting, reliability, and construct validity demonstrated that the CMCC is a scientific sound measure. The CMCC will be helpful for assessing increasing parental responsibility for caregiving tasks associated with cancer care.Caregiving Demands in Parents of Children With Cancer: Psychometric Validation of the Care of My Child With Cancer QuestionnaireAnne Klassen, Robert J. Klaassen, David Dix, Sheila Pritchard, Rochelle Yanofsky, Lillian Sung10.1016/j.pedn.2009.01.002Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2009-04-02Journal of Pediatric Nursing2009-04-02254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5Articles258263http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS088259631000165X/abstract?rss=yesIn the April issue of Journal of Pediatric Nursing (Journal of Pediatric Nursing 2010;25:e1–22), three abstracts from the 2010 SPN Convention were omitted. A corrected version can be found online at www.pediatricnursing.org. We sincerely apologize for the error.Erratum10.1016/j.pedn.2010.06.008Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2010-08-01Journal of Pediatric Nursing2010-08-01254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5Erratum263263http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS088259630900061X/abstract?rss=yesWe report an ethnographic study of 10 preschool children aged 2–6 years recruited from kindergartens in Hong Kong, 6 of whom were overweight or obese. Each was followed for 12–18 months. We confirmed previously described risk factors and showed how these interacted to produce obesity in some but not all at-risk children. Despite much rhetoric in the literature about holistic care of the preschool child, we were struck by the lack of coordinated professional input to the needs of children at risk of obesity and by the absence of nursing input in particular. We argue that a “whole-systems” nursing role, based in the community and with remit that includes clinical care, education, and policy, is urgently needed, as well as review examples of such roles from other countries.Obesity in Hong Kong Chinese Preschool Children: Where Are All the Nurses?Christine M.S. Chan, Toity Deave, Trisha Greenhalgh10.1016/j.pedn.2009.02.019Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2009-08-12Journal of Pediatric Nursing2009-08-12254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5264273http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596309001134/abstract?rss=yesNurses are involved in many of the painful procedures performed on hospitalized children. In collaboration with physicians, nurses have an exceptional responsibility to have knowledge to manage the pain; however, the evidence indicates this is not being done. Issues may be twofold: (a) opportunities to improve knowledge of better pain care practices and/or (b) ability to use knowledge. Empirical evidence is available that if used by health care providers can reduce pain in hospitalized children. Theory-guided interventions are necessary to focus resources designated for learning and knowledge translation initiatives in the area of pain care. This article presents the Knowledge Use in Pain Care (KUPC) conceptual model that blends concepts from the fields of knowledge utilization and work life context, which are believed to influence the translation of knowledge to practice. The four main components in the KUPC model include those related to the organization, the individual nurse, the individual patient, and the sociopolitical context. The KUPC model was conceptualized to account for the complex circumstances surrounding nurse's knowledge uptake and use in the context of pain care. The model provides a framework for health care administrators, clinical leaders, and researchers to consider as they decide how to intervene to increase knowledge use to reduce painful experiences of children in the hospital.Individual Nurse and Organizational Context Considerations for Better Knowledge Use in Pain CareMargot A. Latimer, Judith A. Ritchie, Celeste C. Johnston10.1016/j.pedn.2009.03.004Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2009-08-10Journal of Pediatric Nursing2009-08-10254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5274281http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596309001195/abstract?rss=yesObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the relation between family functioning and children's response to treatment for overweight in a primary care setting.Methods: Sixty predominantly African American (72%) parents of children who are overweight were recruited from a pediatric outpatient clinic to provide information about family functioning. Children's success in treatment was tracked through medical chart review.Results: Parents' baseline self-report of family adaptability was associated with child body mass index z-scores (zBMI) at 3-month follow-up, although this association was no longer significant once baseline child zBMI was taken into account.Conclusions: Families with greater ability to adopt/implement changes may have children who do better in weight loss treatment. This preliminary study provides a model for integrating family systems ideas into pediatric overweight research and offers heuristic value as well as directions for future research in primary care settings.Family Functioning and Children's Response to Primary Care Treatment for Overweight: A Preliminary StudyWilliam T. Dalton, Katherine M. Kitzmann, George A. Burghen, Johanna T. Mallare, Sarah S. Stender10.1016/j.pedn.2009.04.005Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2009-07-06Journal of Pediatric Nursing2009-07-06254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5282288http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596309001183/abstract?rss=yesThe experience of 10 foster families living in rural communities in the Northeastern United States was explored through phenomenological inquiry. Through an unstructured interview approach, parents were asked to describe what it was like to parent foster children with specialized health care needs. Recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using van Manen's method. Data analysis revealed that parents fostering children in rural communities have concerns related to accessing medical care and decision making. They expressed feelings of being overwhelmed and unprepared, isolated, and stigmatized.The Lived Experience of Foster Parents of Children With Special Needs Living in Rural AreasLori S. Lauver10.1016/j.pedn.2009.04.004Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2009-07-03Journal of Pediatric Nursing2009-07-03254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5289298http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596310001144/abstract?rss=yesGROWING UP WITH a chronic condition or physical disability is challenging for both children and their families (). Families manage their child's care and the complex treatment regimen associated with the child's chronic condition on a daily basis. It is important to note that families provide the majority of care for children with chronic conditions at home. This shift in caregiving of children with chronic conditions to home care has created additional demands on parent caregivers and families. Managing the child's chronic condition at home may create stress and burden related to the child's daily care, coordinating specialty health care, and interfacing with a variety of systems, such as schools, insurance companies, and government agencies, in the family's environment (). There is evidence that parents of children with chronic conditions and physical disabilities are in poorer emotional and physical health than parents of healthy children due to the demands of caregiving (). Indeed, child behavior, caregiving demands, and family functioning are the most important predictors of health and well-being for parents of children with cerebral palsy (). Moreover, families adapt to their child's chronic condition by reframing their perspectives about family health and learning to balance the caregiving demands with the demands of everyday life ().Research Commentary—Challenges for Parents and Families: Demands of Caregiving of Children With Chronic ConditionsBecky J. Christian10.1016/j.pedn.2010.04.008Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2010-08-01Journal of Pediatric Nursing2010-08-01254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5Research Commentary Column299301http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596310001053/abstract?rss=yesA RECENTLY PUBLISHED study on the implementation of the 2006 American Academy in Pediatrics (AAP) policy on the early identification of infants and children with developmental disorders in primary care practice found wide variation in screening practices and subspecialist referrals (). The 2006 AAP recommendations resulted from research that showed that only 23% of primary care providers routinely used standardized, developmental screening tests during well baby visits (). It was hoped that the 2006 policy would provide an algorithm for developmental screening which would ensure comprehensive monitoring of development in young children. The new AAP sponsored pilot study was designed to determine if the use of the policy changed the delivery of developmental surveillance and screening. It collected quantitative data from chart reviews and semi structured telephone interviews at 17 diverse pediatric practices in 15 states for 9 months. The involved providers received a one-day training seminar on the new screening guidelines, instruments available and information on how to incorporate the screening into their office workflow. The researchers found that although primary care providers screened more children for developmental delays after the policy statement was issued, they did not consistently refer children suspected of having delays to early intervention programs. In addition, the study found that many families did not follow though with recommended referrals ().Implementing Developmental ScreeningDeborah L. McBride10.1016/j.pedn.2010.04.001Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2010-08-01Journal of Pediatric Nursing2010-08-01254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5Hot Topics Column302303http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596310001089/abstract?rss=yesMy 16-year-old son is a typical teenager; one that that a researcher might regard as a product of “Generation M2,” the multimedia generation (). My son is technologically connected or “wired” (cell phone, computer, and video game, with talking head set). He explains that, “This is the way that kids hang out these days. This is what we do.” I am a big proponent of technology (or I would not be writing this column); however, I do believe that parents have a responsibility to provide children with guidance for the safe use of technology. Raising three teenagers, I have been witness to lewd text messages, cyber bullying, and violent video game playing. At times, my children have gone too far, and I have had to assume the role of the “evil humanoid mother” saving them from their virtual abyss. My children kick and scream as if I have amputated an appendage from their bodies when I remove their electronic devices from them. I feel that this detoxification process is necessary at times, lest their virtual world become a reality.Are Pediatric Nurses Advocating for “Generation M2”? The Impact of Technology Use on ChildrenKaren Goldschmidt10.1016/j.pedn.2010.04.004Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2010-08-01Journal of Pediatric Nursing2010-08-01254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5Technology Column304306http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596308003795/abstract?rss=yesRECENT PUBLISHED RESEARCH highlights the fact that pain in children is undertreated (). Because self-report is considered the gold standard for pain assessment, cognitively impaired children (CIC) who are nonverbal are at a greater risk of undertreatment of pain due to the difficulty in communicating pain. CIC are often unable to verbally express feelings of pain or they express pain in different ways when compared with children with normal cognitive function. Assessing pain in nonverbal CIC is a challenge even for the most experienced bedside nurse. This is further complicated by the fact that many facilities use tools that were originally developed for preverbal infants to assess pain in nonverbal CIC.Pain Assessment in Cognitively Impaired, Functionally Impaired Children: Pilot Study ResultsAngela McJunkins, Angela Green, K.J.S. Anand10.1016/j.pedn.2008.09.006Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2009-04-09Journal of Pediatric Nursing2009-04-09254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5Clinical Practice Column307309http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596310001296/abstract?rss=yesSociety of Pediatric Nurses 2010 Award Winners10.1016/j.pedn.2010.05.001Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2010-08-01Journal of Pediatric Nursing2010-08-01254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5SPN News310310http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596310001284/abstract?rss=yesCeliac disease (CD) is a permanent sensitivity to gluten (). It is manifested as a systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by mucosal damage in the small intestine following ingestion of gluten (). Historically, CD has been considered uncommon in the United States. The prevalence of CD in the general United States population is estimated to be between 0.5% and 1% (). In the pediatric population, children aged 2 1/2 to 15 years, the prevalence of CD is estimated at 3 to 13 per 1,000 children (). However, current knowledge suggests that CD is likely to be underdiagnosed because of the myriad of clinical presentations (). As of 2008, the current estimate of CD cases in the United States was 3 million, with fewer than 100,000 correctly diagnosed ().Celiac Disease: The Endocrine ConnectionMarianne Buzby10.1016/j.pedn.2010.04.011Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2010-08-01Journal of Pediatric Nursing2010-08-01254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5PENS Column311313http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS0882596310001326/abstract?rss=yesTable of Contents10.1016/S0882-5963(10)00132-6Journal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2010-08-01Journal of Pediatric Nursing2010-08-01254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5FrontmatterA1A2http://www.pediatricnursing.org/article/PIIS088259631000134X/abstract?rss=yesEditorial Board10.1016/S0882-5963(10)00134-XJournal of Pediatric Nursing 25, 4 (2010)2010-08-01Journal of Pediatric Nursing2010-08-01254S0882-5963(10)X0004-5FrontmatterA8A8