Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical used extensively to manufacture commonly used plastics
and epoxy resin liners for food and beverage cans. BPA, with properties similar to
diethylstilbestrol, has been shown to exert endocrine-disrupting effects and result
in behavioral changes, altered growth, and early secondary sexual maturation. In 2008,
legislation was introduced at the state and federal level to ban the use of BPA in
children's products. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with the
weight of evidence, current federal regulatory stance, and proposed legislation regarding
the safe use of BPA.
Key words
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and FamiliesAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Xenoestrogens: The emerging story of Bisphenol A.Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1998; 9: 124-128
- Legislation to ban children's products defeated in California, Maryland and Minnesota.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- A tale of two estrogens: BPA and DES.(Retrieved October 28, 2008, from)
- Toxic toys legislation in U.S. States, 2008.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Exposure of the U.S. population to Bisphenol A and 4-tertiary-Octyphenol: 2003–2004.Environmental Health Perspectives. 2008; 116: 39-44
- Complete bill history. SB 1713.(Retrieved April 24, 2009, from)
- DES update.(Retrieved October 28, 2008, from)www.cdc.gov/desDate: 2008
- (NIH Publication No. 08-5994)NTP-CERHR monograph on the potential human reproductive and developmental effects of Bisphenol A.(Retrieved October 28, 2008, from)
- MS specialty health policy—UCSF School of Nursing.(Retrieved December 31, 2008, from)
- (Info)Class-action lawsuit filed over Bisphenol-A in baby bottles.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Senate Bill No. 545.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Markey: $5 million gift creates potential conflict of interest on FDA panel.(Retrieved November 22, 2008, from)
- Dow employees help defeat California SB 1713 Bisphenol A ban.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Timeline: BPA from intervention to phase-out.(Retrieved October 28, 2008, from)http://www.ewg.org/node/26291Date: 2008
- AP: FDA ignores top scientist on plastic chemicals.(Retrieved October 28, 2008, from)www.ewg.org/node/27023Date: 2008
- Bisphenol A outside the EU. Retrieved December 31, 2008, from.
- Science Board, FDA.(Retrieved November 13, 2004, from)
- FDA's declaration that BPA is not harmful was based on chemical industry's report.(Retrieved December 29, 2008, from)
- Text of S. 2928: BPA-Free Kids Act of 2008.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Bill Status HB2449.(Retrieved April 24, 2009, from)
- Protecting children from certain toxic products.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Government of Canada takes action on another chemical of concern: Bisphenol A.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Association of urinary Bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults.Journal of American Medical Association. 2008; 300: 1303-1310
- aution is the right reaction to chemical. Los Angeles Times.(Retrieved from)
- Bisphenol A is released from polycarbonate drinking bottles and mimics the neurotoxic actions of estrogen in developing cerebellar neurons.Toxicology Letters. 2008; 176: 149-156
- HB 56. Legislative scorecard. Session 2008.(Retrieved April 24, 2009, from)
- Bill0info—2008 Regular Session—HB 56.(Retrieved April 24, 2009, from)
- Nalgene to phase out production of consumer bottles containing BPA.(Retrieved November 14, 2008, from)
- Summary-A04602.(Retrieved April 24, 2009, from)
- Summary-A06919.(Retrieved April 24, 2009, from)
- Summary-S00770.(Retrieved April 24, 2009, from)
- Summary-S03296.(Retrieved April 24, 2009, from)
- BPA-free kids act of 2008.(etrieved October 28, 2008, from)www.opencongress.org/bill/110-s2928/showDate: 2008
- Industry fights efforts to ban chemical in baby products.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Maternal Bisphenol-A levels at delivery: A looming problem?.Journal of Perinatology. 2008; 28: 258-263
Phthalates and Bisphenol-A—Prohibitions—Toys and Child Care Articles (n.d.). Phthalates and Bisphenol-A—Prohibitions—Toys and Child Care Articles. Retrieved 2008, from http://www.puntofocal.gov.ar/notific_otros_miembros/usa346_t.pdf
- Playtex frequently asked questions: Bisphenol A and Phthalates.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Donation raises questions for head of FDA's Bisphenol A panel.(Retrieved November 22, 2008, from)
- Health Canada makes it official: BPA is health hazard.(Retrieved November 22, 2008, from)
- Senate, No. 545.(Retrieved April 24, 2009, from)
- Estrogenic chemicals in plastic and oral contraceptives disrupt development of the mouse prostate and urethra.Proceedings of National Academy of Science. 2005; 102: 7014-7019
- Concerns over polycarbonate containers.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Statement on BPA.(Retrieved October 28, 2008, from)
- Reference dose for chronic oral exposure (RfD) Bisphenol A.(Retrieved October 28, 2008.from)
- Perinatal exposure to the xenoestrogen Bisphenol A induces mammary intraductal hyperplasias in adult CD-1 mice.Reproductive Toxicology. 2008; 26: 210-219
- An extensive new literature concerning low dose effects of Bisphenol A shows the need for a new risk assessment.Environmental Health Perspectives. 2005; 113: 926-932
- Prostate enlargement in mice due to fetal exposure to low doses of estradiol or diethylstilbestrol and opposite effects at high doses.Proceedings National Academy of Science. 1997; 94: 2056-2061
- Large effects from small exposures. II. The importance of positive controls in low dose research on Bisphenol A.Environmental Research. 2005; 100: 50-76
- Lawsuit filed against maker of baby bottles with BPA.(Retrieved November 14, 2008, from)
- BPA ruling flawed, panel says.(Retrieved November 13, 2008, from)
- Chemical reaction.(Retrieved November 22, 2008, from)
- Large effects from small exposures. III. Endocrine mechanisms mediating effects of Bisphenol A at levels of human exposure.Endocrinology. 2006; 147: s56-s69
- Human exposure to Bisphenol A by monitoring: Methods, results and assessment of environmental exposures.Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 2008; 228: 114-134
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 10, 2009
Identification
Copyright
© 2010 Elsevier Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
