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Research Article| Volume 31, ISSUE 3, e185-e197, May 2016

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The Effects of Mind Subtraction Meditation on Depression, Social Anxiety, Aggression, and Salivary Cortisol Levels of Elementary School Children in South Korea

  • Yang-Gyeong Yoo, RN, PhD
    Yang-Gyeong Yoo
      Affiliations
      Department of Nursing, Kunsan National University, Gunsan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
      Search for articles by this author
    • Duck-Joo Lee, PhD
      Duck-Joo Lee
        Affiliations
        Department of Aerospace Engineering, KAIST, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
        Search for articles by this author
      • In-Soo Lee, PhD
        In-Soo Lee
          Affiliations
          Department of Paramedic Science, Korea National University of Transportation, Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea
          Search for articles by this author
        • Namin Shin, EdD
          Namin Shin
            Affiliations
            Department of Education, Dongguk University, Jung-gu, Seoul Korea
            Search for articles by this author
          • Ju-Yeon Park, BA
            Ju-Yeon Park
              Affiliations
              Gyesan Elementary School, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Korea
              Search for articles by this author
            • Mi-Ra Yoon, RN, PhD
              Mi-Ra Yoon
                Affiliations
                College of Nursing, Chung-Ang University, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Korea
                Search for articles by this author
              • Boas Yu, RN, EdD, FNP-BC, CNE, GCNS
                Boas Yu
                Correspondence
                Corresponding author: Boas Yu, RN, EdD, FNP-BC, CNE, GCNS, Associate Professor.
                Affiliations
                School of Nursing and Allied Health Professions, Holy Family University, Philadelphia, PA
                Search for articles by this author
              Published:January 11, 2016DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2015.12.001
              The Effects of Mind Subtraction Meditation on Depression, Social Anxiety, Aggression, and Salivary Cortisol Levels of Elementary School Children in South Korea
              Previous ArticleParents' Perceived Satisfaction of Care, Communication and Environment of the Pediatric Intensive Care Units at a Tertiary Children's Hospital
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                  Highlights

                  • •
                    Significant improvements were demonstrated in social anxiety, aggression, and stress levels of elementary school students with the school-based mind subtraction meditation program.
                  • •
                    Although there was a reduction in depression for the meditation group, it was not statistically significant.
                  • •
                    A school-based mind subtraction meditation program could be effective in improving psychosocial and behavioral aspects of mental health in elementary school children.
                  This study analyzed the effects of a school-based mind subtraction meditation program on depression, social anxiety, aggression, and salivary cortisol levels of 42 elementary school children in South Korea. The research design was a nonequivalent group comparison with pretest and post-test. The experimental group was given 8 weeks of the meditation program. The results showed social anxiety, aggression, and salivary cortisol levels were significantly lowered in the experimental group. This demonstrated that the school-based mind subtraction meditation program could be effective in improving psychosocial and behavioral aspects of mental health in elementary school children.

                  Key words

                  • Mind subtraction meditation
                  • Elementary school students
                  • School-based meditation program
                  • Depression
                  • Social anxiety
                  • Aggression
                  • Salivary cortisol
                  • Stress
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                  Article info

                  Publication history

                  Published online: January 11, 2016
                  Accepted: December 2, 2015
                  Received in revised form: November 25, 2015
                  Received: April 9, 2014

                  Footnotes

                  1This research was presented on May 3, 2014 at 2014 International Conference of Human Completion, UCLA, CA, USA.

                  Identification

                  DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2015.12.001

                  Copyright

                  © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

                  ScienceDirect

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