Highlights
- •Nurses can perform an interview with parents of 3-year-olds to assess risks in child development and parenting problems.
- •SPARK36 is a broad-scope structured interview that guides nurses' assessment.
- •SPARK36 uses a collaborative approach with parents which strengthens them in their parental task.
- •Nurses feel empowered in their task by using SPARK36.
Abstract
Background
In the framework of new legislation on School Health Services (SHS) in Flanders (Belgium),
nurses lead a preventive consultation with every three-year-old child and its parent(s),
with the aim of assessing risks in child development and potential parenting problems.
This study assesses the feasibility of the “Structured Problem Analysis of Raising
kids aged 36 months” (SPARK36), a broad-scope structured interview to facilitate such
consultations.
Design and methods
A feasibility study was conducted with SHS nurses across Flanders, to determine need
for this instrument, acceptability and practical feasibility of SPARK36 with both
parents and professionals. Nurses were trained to use the instrument. Mixed methods
(i.e., questionnaires for both parents and nurses, and a focus group interview with
nurses) were used to evaluate the feasibility of using SPARK36.
Results
Parents were satisfied (97.0%) with what was discussed during the consultation and
with the consultation's structure (98.8%). After the training, all 20 nurses felt
strengthened in performing the consultation and in making a risk assessment. The interview
was feasible in 20–30 min. During 561 interviews nurses gave parenting support in
88.2% of cases.
Conclusions
SPARK36 is acceptable, practically feasible for parents and nurses, and it meets needs
of both parties. The instrument supports nurses during their consultation. More research
is needed to evaluate the instrument and to prepare its implementation in daily practice.
Practice implications
SPARK36 is a promising instrument for nurse-led consultations in the SHS setting.
Keywords
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of Pediatric Nursing: Nursing Care of Children and FamiliesAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- O&O in perspectief.Nederlands Instituut voor Zorg en Welzijn, Utrecht1998
- Health- led parenting interventions in pregnancy and early years.Report. No. DCSF-FW070. Univeristy of Warwick, Coventry, UK2008 (Retrieved from:)https://dera.ioe.ac.uk/8573/1/DCSF-RW070.pdfDate accessed: April 14, 2021
- Planning health promotion programs. An intervention mapping approach.4th ed. John Wiley & Sons, United states of America2016
- Early home visitation in families at risk for child maltreatment [Master’s thesis].Optima Grafische Communicatie, Rotterdam, The Netherlands2006
- Contexts of child rearing: Problems and prospects.American Psychologist. 1979; 34: 844-850
- Resultaten van een project ter voorbereiding van het nieuwe decreet leerlingenbegeleiding schooljaar 2017–18 [Results of a project in preparation of the new legislation 2017–18] [Unpubliced document in Dutch] POC CLB GO!.2018
- Laten praten. Een onderzoek naar opvoedingsondersteuning op het consultatiebureau [Lets talk. A study on parenting support at the well-baby clinic].SWP uitgeverij. Netherlands, Utrecht1997
- Human capital policy. IZA (Discussion paper No. 821). SSRN eLibrary 16-17.(Retrieved from:)http://ssrn.com/abstract=434544(Accessed April 14, 2021)Date: 2003
- Engaging families in child & youth mental health: A review of best.Emerging and Promising Practices. 2009; : 1-43
- It takes a village and other lessons children teach us.Simon &Schuster, New York, NY1996
- The relationship between mothers' social networks and severe domestic violence: A test of the social isolation hypothesis.Violence and Victims. 2007; 22: 503-512
- Developing complex interventions for nursing: A critical review of key guidelines.Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2013; 22: 2366-2386
- Developing and evaluating complex interventions: The new Medical Research Council guidance.Bmj. 2008; 337: 979-983
- Behoefte van ouders inzake opvoedigsondersteuning. [Parents' need for parenting support] (Report in Dutch).(Retrieved from)
- Parenting matters: supporting parents of children ages 0-8.in: Parenting matters: Supporting parents of children ages. 0-8. 2016
- The (ab)sense of a concept of social support in parenting research: A social work perspective.Child & Family Social Work. 2014; 19: 491-500
- Evidence-based approach to developmental and behavioural surveillance using parents’ concerns.Child: Care, Health and Development. 2000; 26: 137-149
- Screening for developmental and behavioral problems.Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev. 2005; 11: 173-179
- Sociaal-demografisch profiel, perinatale gezondheid en gezondheid tijdens de eerste levensweken van de Vlaamse geboortecohorte JOnG! [Socio-demographic profile, perinatal health and health during the first weeks of life of the Flemish birth cohort JOnG!] (Report No. 17 in Dutch).Steunpunt Welzijn, Volksgezondheid en Gezin (SWVG), Leuven2011
- Helpen bij opgroeien en opvoeden: eerder, sneller en beter [Help with growing up and parenting: Earlier, faster and better] (Report in Dutch).(Retrieved from) (Accessed February 5, 2021)
- Ouderschapsgroei en bufferprocessen [Parental growth and buffering processes].2nd ed. SWP, The Netherlands, Amsterdam2017
- De oorsprong van geweld. [The origin of violence]..Vossiuspers UvA, Amsterdam, the Netherlands2004
- Partners in parenting A study on shared childrearing responsibilities between parents and nonparental adults. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Utrecht].(Retrieved from:) (Accessed February 5, 2021)
- The social determinants of early child development: An overview.Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health. 2010; 46: 627-635
- JGZ- richtlijn: vroegsignalering van psychosociale problemen [Guideline early detection psychosocial problems in preventive child health care].(Report no 295001002 in Dutch) RIVM, Bilthoven2008
- Assessment of parenting and developmental problems in toddlers: Development and feasibility of a structured interview.Child: Care, Health and Development. 2011; 37: 503-511
- Validity and reliability of a structured interview for early detection and risk assessment of parenting and developmental problems in young children: A cross-sectional study.BMC Pediatrics. 2012; 12: 1
- Physical aggression during early childhood: Trajectories and predictors.Pediatrics. 2004; 114: 4350
- Veilig opgroeien: De oplossingsgerichte aanpak Signs of Saftey in jeugdzorg en kinderbescherming. [Growing up safely: The solution-oriented approach Signs of safety in youth care and child protection] GA Houten: Boh, Stafleu van Loghum.2014
- Onderzoek naar de wetenschappelijke state of the art van de preventieve gezondheidszorg voor schoolgaande kinderen 3–18 jaar [Research into the scientific state of the art of preventive health care for school age children 3–18 years] (Report in Dutch). Retrieved from.
- Decreet betreffende de leerlingenbegeleiding in het basisonderwijs, het secundair onderwijs en de centra voor leerlingenbegeleiding.[Legislation on pupil guidance in primary education, secondary education and pupil guidance centers] 2018, April 27 B.S. 2018, June 25.2018: 51481 (Retrieved from:)
- Besluit van de Vlaamse Regering tot operationalisering van de leerlingenbegeleiding in het basisonderwijs, het secundair onderwijs en de centra voor leerlingenbegeleiding.[ Decision of the Flemish Government to operationalize pupil guidance in primary education, secondary education and the centers for school health services] 2018, June 1, B.S. 2018, August 6.2018: 61739
- Detecting psychosocial problems among 5–6-year-old children in preventive Child Health Care: the validity of a short questionnaire used in an assessment procedure for detecting psychosocial problems among children.Eur J Public Health. 2003; 13: 353-360
- Preventive youth health care in 11 European countries: An exploratory analysis.International Journal of Public Health. 2012; 57: 637-641
- JGZ-richtlijn Psychosociale problemen.JGZ Tijdschrift Voor Jeugdgezondheidszorg. 2017; 49: 90-92
- Framework on integrated people-centered health services: An overview.2018 (Retrieved from . Accessed April 14, 2021)
Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 20, 2021
Accepted:
December 1,
2021
Received in revised form:
October 25,
2021
Received:
June 3,
2021
Identification
Copyright
© 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
