Highlights
- •The Chinese version PAID-T is a validated and ease-to-use scale.
- •The Chinese version PAID-T can assess diabetes distress for adolescents.
- •The Chinese version PAID-T can identify specific sources of diabetes distress.
- •Nurses can use the Chinese version PAID-T to tailor interventions for adolescents.
- •The Chinese version PAID-T can conduct research on diabetes distress for adolescents.
Abstract
Purpose
To translate the 26-item English version Problem Areas in Diabetes-Teen (PAID-T) into
a Chinese version and then to examine its psychometrical properties for measuring
diabetes distress in adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D).
Design and methods
The 26-item English version PAID-T was translated into a Chinese version guided by
the translation model for cross-cultural research. A cross-sectional design was used
and 203 adolescents with T1D were recruited from four hospitals in Taiwan. Content
validity, exploratory factor analysis, and item analysis were used to ensure the item
quality and build the factor structure of the Chinese version PAID-T. Confirmatory
factor analysis, concurrent validity, and reliability testing were also used to examine
its psychometric properties.
Results
The three second-order factors of the 18-item Chinese version PAID-T were developed.
The correlation coefficients of the three-factor Chinese version PAID-T with self-management
and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were all significant and ranged from −0.32 to −0.45
and 0.18 to 0.33 respectively. Cronbach's α and the test–retest reliability of the
three-factor Chinese version PAID-T ranged from 0.85 to 0.93 and from 0.89 to 0.94
respectively.
Conclusions
The Chinese version PAID-T with good translation quality was a reliable and valid
scale to screen and assess diabetes distress for adolescents with T1D.
Practice implications
Nurses could use the Chinese version PAID-T to track diabetes distress and tailor
interventions for adolescents with T1D; also, the Chinese version PAID-T could facilitate
the conducting of research on diabetes distress for adolescents with T1D.
Keywords
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: February 28, 2022
Accepted:
February 17,
2022
Received in revised form:
January 27,
2022
Received:
November 15,
2021
Identification
Copyright
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